Casting processing inzira umo simbi yakanyungudutswa inosangana nezvinodiwa inodururwa mune chaiyo yekukanda mold, uye chimiro chinodiwa, saizi, uye kuita kunowanikwa mushure mekutonhora uye kusimba. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muaerospace, mota, kugadzira maturusi emuchina uye mamwe maindasitiri nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwakanaka senge kuumba nyore, mutengo wakaderera, uye kushomeka kwekushandisa nguva.
Kukanda tekinoroji munyika yedu haisi tekinoroji nyowani, asi nhaka yetsika ine nhoroondo refu. Nekudaro, iyo iripo yechinyakare yekukanda maitiro yatadza kuzadzisa zvidikanwi zvemazuva ano zvekukanda zvigadzirwa maererano nemhando yekugadzira uye dhizaini pfungwa. Naizvozvo, maitiro ekugadzira nyowani yekukanda process tekinoroji inoda kutaurirana kwakadzama uye tsvagiridzo. Kuenzaniswa nedzimwe nzira dzekugadzirisa nekugadzira, iko kurongeka kwemaitiro ekukanda kwakashata, uye zvimiro zvechimiro hazvina kunaka sekugadzira. Naizvozvo, maitiro ekuvandudza iko kurongeka kwecastings uye kukwidziridza zvimiro zvavo zvakafanirawo kutariswa nekutsvagisa.
Zvinhu zvekuumbwa zvinogona kuva jecha, simbi kana kunyange ceramic. Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa, nzira dzinoshandiswa dzichasiyana. Ndeapi maitiro ega ega ekukanda maitiro? Ndeupi rudzi rwezvigadzirwa zvakakodzera kwairi?
1. Kukanda jecha
Kukanda zvinhu: zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana
Unhu hwekukanda: makumi emagiramu - makumi ematani kusvika kumazana ematani
Kukandira pamusoro pemhando: kushata
Kukanda chimiro: nyore
Mutengo wekugadzira: wakaderera
Kuwanda kwekushandisa: Inonyanya kushandiswa nzira dzekukanda. Kuumbwa kwemaoko kunokodzera zvidimbu zvimwechete, mabheti madiki uye makuru ekukanda ane maumbirwo akaomarara anonetsa kushandisa muchina wekuumba. Machine modelling inokodzera zvepakati uye zvidiki castings inogadzirwa mumabhechi.
Maitiro ekuita: Manual modelling: inochinjika uye iri nyore, asi ine yakaderera kugadzirwa kwehunyanzvi, yakanyanya kuwanda kwekushanda, uye yakaderera dimensional kurongeka uye pamusoro pemhando. Machine modelling: yakakwirira dimensional kurongeka uye pamusoro pemhando, asi yakakwirira mari.
Kukandira jecha ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa kukanda maitiro muindasitiri yekuvamba nhasi. Inokodzera zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana. Ferrous alloys uye non-ferrous alloys anogona kukandwa nejecha molds. Inogona kuburitsa castings kubva pamakumi emagiramu kusvika makumi ematani uye yakakura. Izvo zvakashata zvekukanda jecha ndezvekuti zvinongokwanisa kuburitsa ma castings ane zvimiro zviri nyore. Mukana mukuru wekukanda jecha ndewe: mutengo wakaderera wekugadzira. Nekudaro, maererano nekupedzisa kwepamusoro, kukanda metallography, uye density yemukati, yakadzikira. Panyaya yekuenzanisira, inogona kunge yakagadzirwa nemaoko kana kuti yakagadzirwa nemichina. Kuumbwa kwemaoko kunokodzera zvidimbu zvimwechete, mabheti madiki uye makuru ekukanda ane maumbirwo akaomarara anonetsa kushandisa muchina wekuumba. Modeling yemuchina inogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kurongeka kwepasi uye kurongeka kwedimensional, asi mari yacho yakakura.
2. Investment casting
Kukanda zvinhu: simbi yakakandwa uye isiri-ferrous alloy
Unhu hwekukanda: akati wandei magiramu---makirogiramu akati wandei
Kukandira pamusoro pemhando: yakanaka kwazvo
Kukanda chimiro: chero kuoma
Mutengo wekugadzira: Mukugadzirwa kwakawanda, yakachipa pane kugadzirwa kwekugadzira.
Chiyero chekushandisa: Akasiyana mabhechi ediki uye akaoma kunzwisisa akakandwa esimbi yakakandwa uye yakakwirira melting point alloys, kunyanya akakodzera kukanda mabasa emifananidzo uye nemakanika ezvikamu.
Maitiro maitiro: dimensional kurongeka, yakatsetseka pamusoro, asi yakaderera kugadzirwa kwakanaka.
Nzira yekukanda mari yakatanga kare. Munyika yangu, nzira yekudyara mari yakashandiswa mukugadzira zvishongo zvevanokudzwa panguva yeChirimo uye Autumn Period. Investment castings kazhinji yakaoma uye haina kukodzera kukanda hombe. Nzira yacho yakaoma uye yakaoma kudzora, uye zvinhu zvinoshandiswa uye zvinoshandiswa zvinodhura. Naizvozvo, inokodzera kugadzirwa kwezvikamu zvidiki zvine maumbirwo akaomarara, yakakwirira chaiyo zvinodiwa, kana yakaoma kuita kumwe kugadzirisa, senge turbine injini blades.
3. Kurasika furo
Kukanda zvinhu: zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana
Kukanda misa: akati wandei magiramu kune akati wandei matani
Kukandira pamusoro pemhando: yakanaka
Kukanda chimiro: zvakanyanya kuoma
Mutengo wekugadzira: wakaderera
Chiyero chekushandisa: zvakanyanya kuomarara uye akasiyana alloy castings mumabhechi akasiyana.
Maitiro ekuita: Iyo dimensional yechokwadi yekukandira yakakwira, iyo yekukanda dhizaini rusununguko rwakakura, uye maitiro ari nyore, asi iwo maitiro ekupisa ane kumwe kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Kukanda furo rakarasika kubatanidza nekubatanidza parafini kana furo modhi dzakafanana muhukuru uye maumbirwo kune zvinokandwa kuita masumbu emhando. Mushure mekukwesha nependi yerefractory uye kuomeswa, vanovigwa mujecha rakaoma requartz uye vozungunuswa kuita chimiro, uye vanodururwa pasi pekumanikidza kwakashata kuti vapfuure modhi. , nzira itsva yekukanda umo simbi yemvura inogara panzvimbo yemuenzaniso uye inoomesa nekutonhodza kuti igadzire kukanda. Yakarasika foam casting inzira nyowani ine inenge isina margin uye kuumbwa chaiko. Iyi nzira haidi kutora mold, hapana nzvimbo yekuparadzanisa, uye hapana jecha core. Naizvozvo, iyo yekukanda haina flash, burrs uye dhizaini materu, uye inoderedza mutengo wemold cores. Dimensional kukanganisa kunokonzerwa nemusanganiswa.
Idzi dziri pamusoro pegumi neimwe nzira dzekukanda dzine maitiro akasiyana. Mukugadzira kugadzirwa, nzira dzinoenderana dzekukanda dzinofanirwa kusarudzwa kune dzakasiyana castings. Muchokwadi, zvakaoma kutaura kuti yakaoma-kukura-kurasa maitiro ane mabhenefiti akakwana. Mukugadzira, munhu wese anosarudzawo maitiro anoshanda uye maitiro ekuita nemutengo wakaderera kuita.
4. Centrifugal casting
Kukandira zvinhu: grey cast iron, ductile iron
Kukanda mhando: makumi emakirogiramu kune akati wandei matani
Kukandira pamusoro pemhando: yakanaka
Kukanda chimiro: kazhinji cylindrical castings
Mutengo wekugadzira: wakaderera
Chiyero chekushandisa: madiki kusvika makuru mabheti ekutangisa kwemuviri unotenderera uye pombi fittings yemadhayamita akasiyana.
Maitiro ekuita: Castings ane yakakwira dimensional kurongeka, yakatsetseka pamusoro, dense chimiro, uye yakakwirira kugadzirwa.
Centrifugal casting inzira yekukanda umo simbi yemvura inodirwa muforoma inotenderera, inozadzwa uye yakagomara kuita kukanda pasi pekuita kwe centrifugal force. Muchina unoshandiswa centrifugal casting unonzi centrifugal casting muchina.
Yekutanga patent yekukanda centrifugal yakakurudzirwa neBritish Erchardt muna 1809. Yakanga isiri kusvika pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri iyo nzira iyi yakagamuchirwa zvishoma nezvishoma mukugadzirwa. Mumakore ekuma1930, nyika yedu yakatangawo kushandisa centrifugal tubes uye cylinder castings zvakadai semapipe esimbi, maoko emhangura, cylinder liners, bimetallic steel-backed copper sleeves, etc. Centrifugal casting inenge nzira huru; uyezve, musimbi isingadziviriri simbi rollers, mamwe akakosha esimbi asina musono chubhu mabheji, mapepa muchina wekuomesa madhiramu nedzimwe nzvimbo dzekugadzira, iyo centrifugal casting nzira inoshandiswawo zvinobudirira. Parizvino, muchina wekukandira wecentrifugal wakagadzirwa zvikuru uye wakagadzirwa, uye dhizaini yekukandira yepakati-yakagadzirwa yakawanda yakagadzirwa.
5. Low pressure casting
Kukandira zvinhu: non-ferrous alloy
Unhu hwekukanda: makumi emagiramu kusvika makumi emakirogiramu
Kukandira pamusoro pemhando: yakanaka
Casting chimiro: yakaoma (jecha core iripo)
Mutengo wekugadzira: Mari yekugadzira yemhando yesimbi yakakwira
Chiyero chekushandisa: mabhechi madiki, zviri nani mabheti makuru eakakura uye epakati-saizi asina-ferrous alloy castings, uye anogona kuburitsa akatetepa-akakomberedzwa nemadziro.
Maitiro ekuita: Chimiro chekukanda chakakora, goho rekuita rakakwira, midziyo iri nyore, uye akasiyana ekukanda mold anogona kushandiswa, asi kugadzirwa kwacho kwakadzikira.
Low-pressure casting inzira yekukanda iyo simbi yemvura inozadza mold uye inoomesa mukukanda pasi pechiito chepasi-pressure gasi. Low-pressure casting pakutanga yainyanya kushandiswa kugadzira aluminium alloy castings, uye gare gare kushandiswa kwayo kwakawedzera kuwedzerwa kuti ibudise mhangura castings, iron castings uye simbi yekukanda ine yakakwirira kunyungudika.
6. Kukanda kudzvinyirira
Kukanda zvinhu: aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy
Kukanda mhando: akati wandei magiramu kusvika makumi emakirogiramu
Kukandira pamusoro pemhando: yakanaka
Casting chimiro: yakaoma (jecha core iripo)
Mari yekugadzira: Michina yekukandira uye mold zvinodhura kugadzira
Kuwanda kwekushandisa: Kugadzirwa kweMisa kweakasiyana madiki uye epakati-saizi asina-ferrous alloy castings, matete-walled castings, uye kudzvanywa-resistant castings.
Maitiro ekuita: Kukandwa kune yakakwira dimensional kurongeka, yakatsetseka pamusoro, dhizaini chimiro, kugadzirwa kwepamusoro, uye mutengo wakaderera, asi mutengo wemichina inofa-yekukanda uye mold wakakwira.
Pressure casting ine maitiro maviri makuru: high-pressure uye high-speed kuzadza kwe die-casting molds. Yayo inowanzo shandiswa jekiseni yakananga kudzvinyirirwa kunobva kune akati wandei kusvika kumakumi ezviuru zve kPa, kana kunyange yakakwira se2 × 105kPa. Iyo yekumhanyisa yekuzadza inenge 10-50m/s, uye dzimwe nguva inogona kutosvika kupfuura 100m/s. Nguva yekuzadza ipfupi kwazvo, kazhinji muhuwandu hwe0.01-0.2s. Zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe nzira dzekukandira, kufa kukanda kune zvakanakira zvinotevera zvitatu: kunaka kwechigadzirwa, kurongeka kwepamusoro kwemaitiro ekukanda, kazhinji zvakaenzana negiredhi 6 kusvika 7, kana kunyange kusvika giredhi 4; kupera kwakanaka kwepamusoro, kazhinji kwakaenzana negiredhi 5 kusvika 8; simba Iine kuoma kwepamusoro, uye simba rayo rinowanzoita 25 ~ 30% yakakwirira kudarika yejecha, asi kureba kwayo kunoderedzwa ne70%; ine zviyero zvakagadzikana uye zvakanaka kuchinjana; inogona kufa-yakandwa yakatetepa-yakavezwa uye yakaoma castings. Semuyenzaniso, ikozvino shoma rusvingo ukobvu ye zinc alloy die-casting zvikamu zvinogona kusvika 0.3mm; iyo shoma madziro ukobvu hwealuminium alloy castings inogona kusvika 0.5mm; iyo shoma yekukanda gomba dhayamita ndeye 0.7mm; uye shinda shoma inokwira i0.75mm.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-08-2024
