Basa rezvinowanzo shandiswa zvinhu mugrey cast iron
1.Carbon nesilicon: Carbon nesilicon zvinhu zvinokurudzira zvakasimba graphitization. Carbon yakaenzana inogona kushandiswa kuratidza mhedzisiro yavo pane metallographic chimiro uye mechaniki zvimiro zvegrey cast iron. Kuwedzera iyo kabhoni yakaenzana kunokonzera kuti graphite flakes iwedzere, kuwedzera muhuwandu, uye kuderera kwesimba nekuoma. Kusiyana neizvi, kudzikisa iyo kabhoni yakaenzana kunogona kuderedza huwandu hwemagraphite, kunatsa graphite, uye kuwedzera huwandu hweprimary austenite dendrites, nekudaro kuvandudza ma mechanics e grey cast iron. Nekudaro, kudzikisa iyo kabhoni yakaenzana kunozotungamira mukudzikira kwekuita kwekukanda.
2.Manganese: Manganese pachayo chinhu chinogadzirisa carbides uye chinodzivisa graphitization. Iyo ine mhedzisiro yekudzikamisa uye kunatsa pearlite mune grey cast iron. Mukati meMn = 0.5% kusvika 1.0%, kuwedzera huwandu hwemanganese kunobatsira kuvandudza simba nekuoma.
3.Phosphorus: Kana iyo phosphorus inowanikwa musimbi yakakandwa inopfuura 0.02%, intergranular phosphorus eutectic inogona kuitika. Iyo solubility ye phosphorus mu austenite idiki kwazvo. Kana simbi yakakandwa yaoma, phosphorus inoramba iri mumvura. Kana iyo eutectic solidification inenge yapera, iyo yakasara yemvura chikamu kuumbwa pakati pemapoka eutectic iri padyo neiyo ternary eutectic kuumbwa (Fe-2%, C-7%, P). Ichi chikamu chemvura chinoomesa panenge 955 ℃. Kana simbi yakakandwa yaoma, molybdenum, chromium, tungsten uye vanadium zvese zvakapatsanurwa muchikamu che phosphorus-rich liquid, kuwedzera huwandu hwe phosphorus eutectic. Kana iyo phosphorus yemukati musimbi yakakandwa yakakwira, mukuwedzera kune zvinokuvadza zveiyo phosphorus eutectic pachayo, inozodzikisawo alloying zvinhu zviri musimbi matrix, nekudaro ichinetesa mhedzisiro yealloying zvinhu. Iyo phosphorus eutectic fluid ine mushy yakatenderedza boka re eutectic iro rinoomesa uye kukura, uye zvakaoma kuti rizadziswe panguva yekuomesa shrinkage, uye kukanda kune hunhu hwakakura hwekuderera.
4.Sulfur: Inoderedza kunyunguduka kwesimbi yakanyungudutswa uye inowedzera maitiro ekukanda kuputsa kupisa. Icho chinhu chinokuvadza mukukanda. Nokudaro, vanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti iyo yakaderera iyo sulfur content, zviri nani. Muchokwadi, kana sarufa yemukati iri ≤0.05%, iyi mhando yesimbi yakakandwa haishande kune yakajairwa inoculant yatinoshandisa. Chikonzero ndechokuti inoculation inoora nokukurumidza, uye mavara machena anowanzoonekwa mumakanda.
5.Mhangura: Mhangura ndiyo inonyanya kuwedzerwa alloying element mukugadzirwa kwegrey cast iron. Chikonzero chikuru ndechekuti mhangura ine yakaderera kunyungudika (1083 ℃), iri nyore kunyunguduka, uye ine yakanaka alloying mhedzisiro. Iyo graphitization kugona kwemhangura ingangoita 1/5 yeiyo yesilicon, saka inogona kuderedza tsika yesimbi yekukanda kuve nekukanda chena. Panguva imwecheteyo, mhangura inogonawo kuderedza kupisa kwakakosha kwekushandurwa kwe austenite. Nokudaro, mhangura inogona kukurudzira kuumbwa kwepearlite, kuwedzera zvinyorwa zve pearlite, uye kunatsa pearlite uye kusimbisa pearlite uye ferrite mairi, nokudaro kuwedzera kuoma uye simba resimbi yakakandwa. Zvisinei, iyo yakakwirira yakawanda yemhangura, zviri nani. Nhamba yakakodzera yemhangura yakawedzerwa ndeye 0.2% kusvika 0.4%. Paunenge uchiwedzera mhangura yakawanda, kuwedzera tini uye chromium panguva imwe chete kunokuvadza kumabasa ekucheka. Ichaita kuti huwandu hukuru hwechimiro che sorbite hubudiswe mune matrix chimiro.
6.Chromium: Iyo alloying effect yechromium yakasimba kwazvo, kunyanya nokuti kuwedzerwa kwekromium kunowedzera tsika yesimbi yakanyungudutswa kuti ive nejena rakachena, uye kukanda kuri nyore kuderera, zvichiguma nemarara. Naizvozvo, huwandu hwechromium hunofanirwa kudzorwa. Kune rumwe rutivi, zvinotarisirwa kuti simbi yakanyungudutswa ine imwe huwandu hwekromium yekuvandudza simba nekuoma kwekukanda; kune rumwe rutivi, chromium inodzorwa zvakasimba pamuganho wakaderera kudzivirira kukanda kubva pakuderera uye kukonzera kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemarara. Chiitiko chechinyakare chinoti kana chromium yemukati yesimbi yakanyungudutswa yakapfuura 0.35%, inova nemhedzisiro inouraya pakukanda.
7. Molybdenum: Molybdenum chinhu chakajairika-chinoumba chinhu uye yakasimba pearlite inodzikamisa chinhu. Inogona kunatsa graphite. Apo ωMo<0.8%, molybdenum inogona kunatsa pearlite uye kusimbisa ferrite mu pearlite, nokudaro zvinobudirira kuvandudza simba uye kuoma kwesimbi yakakandwa.
Nyaya dzinoverengeka mugrey cast iron dzinofanira kucherechedzwa
1.Kuwedzera kupisa kana kuwedzera nguva yekubata kunogona kuita kuti mazamu aripo akasiyana-siyana mukunyunguduka apera kana kuderedza kushanda kwawo, kuderedza nhamba yezviyo zve austenite.
2.Titanium ine mhedzisiro yekunatsa primary austenite mune grey cast iron. Nekuti titanium carbides, nitrides, uye carbonitrides zvinogona kushanda sehwaro hweaustenite nucleation. Titanium inogona kuwedzera musimboti we austenite uye kunatsa austenite zviyo. Kune rimwe divi, kana paine Ti yakawandisa musimbi yakanyungudutswa, iyo S musimbi ichaita neTi pachinzvimbo cheMn kuumba TiS zvidimbu. Iyo graphite musimboti weTiS haina kushanda sezvakaita iyo yeMnS. Nokudaro, kuumbwa kwe eutectic graphite core kunononoka, nokudaro kuwedzera nguva yekunaya kwekutanga austenite. Vanadium, chromium, aluminium, uye zirconium zvakafanana netitanium pakuti zviri nyore kugadzira carbides, nitrides, uye carbonitrides, uye inogona kuva austenite cores.
3.Kune misiyano mikuru mumigumisiro yemishonga yakasiyana-siyana pahuwandu hwemasumbu eutectic, ayo akarongwa nenzira inotevera: CaSi>ZrFeSi>75FeSi>BaSi>SrFeSi. FeSi ine Sr kana Ti ine mhedzisiro isina simba pahuwandu hwemasumbu eutectic. Inoculants ine pasi isingawanzoitiki ine simba rakanakisisa, uye mhedzisiro yacho inonyanya kukosha kana yawedzerwa pamwe chete neAl neN. Ferrosilicon ine Al neBi inogona kuwedzera zvakasimba nhamba ye eutectic clusters.
4. Tsanga dze graphite-austenite two-phase symbiotic growth yakaumbwa ne graphite nuclei sepakati inonzi eutectic clusters. Submicroscopic graphite aggregates, yakasara isina kunyungudika graphite particles, primary graphite flake matavi, high melting point compounds uye gasi inclusions iripo musimbi yakanyungudutswa uye inogona kuva macores eutectic graphite zvakare macores emasumbu eutectic. Sezvo iyo eutectic nucleus ndiyo inotangira kukura kweiyo eutectic cluster, nhamba yemasumbu eutectic inoratidza huwandu hwemacores anogona kukura kuita graphite mu eutectic iron liquid. Zvinhu zvinokanganisa huwandu hwemasumbu eutectic zvinosanganisira kuumbwa kwemakemikari, mamiriro epakati pesimbi yakanyungudutswa uye mwero wekutonhora.
Kuwanda kwekabhoni uye silicon mumakemikari ane simba rinokosha. Iyo padyo nekabhoni yakaenzana kune eutectic kuumbwa, iyo yakawanda eutectic masumbu aripo. S chimwe chinhu chakakosha chinokanganisa masumbu eutectic egrey cast iron. Low sulfur content haibatsiri kuwedzera masumbu eutectic, nokuti sulfide musimbi yakanyungudutswa chinhu chinokosha che graphite core. Uye zvakare, sarufa inogona kuderedza iyo interfacial simba pakati peiyo heterogeneous core uye yakanyungudika, kuitira kuti mamwe macores agone kushandiswa. Apo W (S) iri pasi pe0.03%, nhamba yezvikwata zveeutectic zvakanyanya kuderedzwa, uye mhedzisiro yeinoculation inoderedzwa.
Kana chikamu chikuru cheMn chiri mukati me2%, huwandu hweMn hunowedzera, uye huwandu hwemasumbu eutectic hunowedzera zvinoenderana. Nb iri nyore kugadzira kabhoni uye nitrogen makomisheni musimbi yakanyungudutswa, iyo inoshanda senge graphite musimboti wekuwedzera masumbu eutectic. Ti uye V kuderedza nhamba ye eutectic clusters nokuti vanadium inoderedza carbon concentration; titanium inotora nyore S muMnS uye MgS kuti igadzire titanium sulfide, uye kugona kwayo nucleation haina kushanda seMnS neMgS. N musimbi yakanyungudutswa inowedzera huwandu hwemasumbu eutectic. Kana iyo N yemukati iri pasi pe350 x10-6, hazvisi pachena. Mushure mekupfuura imwe kukosha, iyo supercooling inowedzera, nekudaro ichiwedzera huwandu hwemasumbu eutectic. Okisijeni musimbi yakanyungudutswa inoumba nyore nyore akasiyana oxide inclusions semacores, saka kana okisijeni ichiwedzera, nhamba yemasumbu eutectic inowedzera. Pamusoro pekuumbwa kwemakemikari, iyo yepakati mamiriro eutectic melt chinhu chakakosha chinokonzera. Kuchengeta tembiricha yakakwira uye kupisa kwenguva yakareba kuchaita kuti musimboti wepakutanga unyangarike kana kuderera, kuderedza huwandu hwemasumbu eutectic, uye kuwedzera dhayamita. Inoculation kurapwa inogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya mamiriro epakati uye kuwedzera huwandu hwemasumbu eutectic. Mwero wekutonhora une mhedzisiro iri pachena pahuwandu hwemasumbu eutectic. Iyo inokurumidza kutonhora, iyo yakawanda eutectic masumbu aripo.
5.Kuwanda kwemasumbu eutectic kunoratidza zvakananga kukora kwezviyo zveeutectic. Kazhinji, zviyo zvakanaka zvinogona kuvandudza kushanda kwesimbi. Pasi pechimiro chechimiro chemakemikari akafanana uye graphite rudzi, sezvo nhamba yezvikwata zveeutectic inowedzera, simba rinowedzera rinowedzera, nokuti mapepa emagirafu mumasumbu eutectic anova akanaka sezvo nhamba yemasumbu eutectic inowedzera, iyo inowedzera simba. Zvisinei, nekuwedzera kwesilicon content, nhamba yemapoka eutectic inowedzera zvakanyanya, asi simba rinoderera panzvimbo; simba resimbi yakakandwa rinowedzera nekuwedzera kwekushisa kwepamusoro (kusvika 1500 ℃), asi panguva ino, nhamba yemapoka eutectic inoderera zvakanyanya. Ukama huri pakati pemutemo wekuchinja kwenhamba yemapoka eutectic anokonzerwa nekurapa kwenguva refu inoculation uye kuwedzera kwesimba hakusi nguva dzose ine maitiro akafanana. Simba rinowanikwa nemishonga inoculation neFeSi ine Si neBa yakakwirira kudarika iyo yakawanikwa neCaSi, asi nhamba yemapoka eutectic yesimbi yakakandwa yakawanda kudarika yeCaSi. Nekuwedzera kwenhamba yemapoka eutectic, iyo shrinkage tsika yesimbi yakakandwa inowedzera. Kuti udzivise kuumbwa kwe shrinkage muzvikamu zviduku, nhamba yemapoka eutectic inofanira kudzorwa pasi pe300 ~ 400 / cm2.
6. Kuwedzera alloy elements (Cr, Mn, Mo, Mg, Ti, Ce, Sb) inokurudzira supercooling mu graphitized inoculants inogona kuvandudza dhigirii ye supercooling yesimbi yakakandwa, kunatsa zviyo, kuwedzera kuwanda kwe austenite uye kukurudzira kuumbwa kwe pearlite. Iyo yakawedzerwa pamusoro inoshanda zvinhu (Te, Bi, 5b) inogona kushambadzwa pamusoro peiyo graphite nuclei kudzikamisa graphite kukura uye kuderedza graphite saizi, kuitira kuzadzisa chinangwa chekuvandudza yakazara ma mechanical properties, kuvandudza kufanana, uye kuwedzera hurongwa hwesangano. Iyi nheyo yakashandiswa mukugadzirwa kwepamusoro kabhoni cast iron (senge mabhureki zvikamu).
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-05-2024
