Abstract: Mhedzisiro yemhando dzakasiyana dzekurapa kupisa pakuita kweZG06Cr13Ni4Mo zvinhu zvakadzidzwa. Muedzo unoratidza kuti mushure mekupisa kurapwa pa 1 010 ℃ normalizing + 605 ℃ primary tempering + 580 ℃ secondary tempering, zvinhu zvinosvika zvakanakisisa kuita index. Chimiro chayo chakaderera-kabhoni martensite + reverse shanduko austenite, ine simba rakawanda, yakaderera-tembiricha kuoma uye kwakakodzera kuoma. Iyo inosangana nezvinodiwa zvekuita kwechigadzirwa mukushandiswa kweyakakura blade inokanda kupisa kupisa kugadzirwa.
Keywords: ZG06Cr13NI4Mo; martensitic simbi isina tsvina; blade
Mashizha mahombe zvikamu zvakakosha muma hydropower turbines. Mamiriro ebasa ezvikamu zvacho ane hukasha, uye ari pasi pekumanikidzwa kwemvura kuyerera, kupera uye kukukurwa kwenguva refu. Izvo zvinhu zvinosarudzwa kubva kuZG06Cr13Ni4Mo martensitic simbi isina tsvina ine yakanaka yakazara mekinika zvivakwa uye kusadzivirirwa nekuora. Nekuvandudzwa kwemagetsi emagetsi emvura uye kukanda kwakabatana kune hukuru-hukuru, zvinodiwa zvepamusoro zvinoiswa pamberi pekuita kwesimbi isina tsvina seZG06Cr13Ni4Mo. Kuti izvi zviitike, zvakasanganiswa neyedzo yekugadzira yeZG06C r13N i4M o mashizha mahombe ebhizimusi remagetsi emagetsi emagetsi, kuburikidza nekutonga kwemukati kwezvinhu zvemakemikari kuumbwa, kupisa kwekurapa maitiro ekuenzanisa bvunzo uye kuongororwa kwemhedzisiro yekuongorora, iyo yakagadziridzwa imwechete normalizing + yakapetwa kupisa kupisa. kurapwa maitiro eZG06C r13N i4M o Stainless simbi zvinhu zvakatemwa kugadzira castings inosangana nepamusoro pekuita zvinodiwa.
1 Kudzora kwemukati kwemakemikari
ZG06C r13N i4M o zvinhu ndeyepamusoro-simba martensitic Stainless simbi, inodiwa kuti ive yakakwira michina zvivakwa uye yakanaka yakaderera-tembiricha kukanganisa kuoma. Kuti uvandudze kushanda kwezvinhu, kemikari yakagadziriswa mukati, inoda w (C) ≤ 0.04%, w (P) ≤ 0.025%, w (S) ≤ 0.08%, uye zvinyorwa zvegasi zvakadzorwa. Tafura 1 inoratidza huwandu hwemakemikari emukati wezvinhu zvemukati kutonga uye kuongororwa kwemhedzisiro yemakemikari emumuenzaniso, uye Tafura 2 inoratidza izvo zvemukati zvekutonga zvinodiwa zvemukati gasi zvemukati uye mhedzisiro yekuongorora yemuenzaniso gasi.
Tafura 1 Kemikari yakagadzirwa (chikamu chezhinji,%)
| element | C | Mn | Si | P | S | Ni | Cr | Mo | Cu | Al |
| chiyero chinodiwa | ≤0.06 | ≤1.0 | ≤0.80 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.025 | 3.5-5.0 | 11.5-13.5 | 0.4-1.0 | ≤0.5 |
|
| Ingredients Kudzora Kwemukati | ≤0.04 | 0.6-0.9 | 1.4-0.7 | ≤0.025 | ≤0.008 | 4.0-5.0 | 12.0-13.0 | 0.5-0.7 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.040 |
| Ongorora zvabuda | 0.023 | 1.0 | 0.57 | 0.013 | 0.005 | 4.61 | 13.0 | 0.56 | 0.02 | 0.035 |
Tafura 2 yeGasi yemukati (ppm)
| gasi | H | O | N |
| Zvido zvekutonga kwemukati | ≤2.5 | ≤80 | ≤150 |
| Ongorora zvabuda | 1.69 | 68.6 | 119.3 |
ZG06C r13N i4M o zvinhu zvakanyungudutswa muvira remagetsi re30 t, rakanatswa muvira re25T LF rekubatanidza, kugadzirisa kuumbwa uye tembiricha, uye yakabviswa uye yakapiswa muvira re25T VOD, nokudaro vachiwana simbi yakanyungudutswa nekabhoni yakanyungudutswa, chimiro chakafanana, kuchena kwepamusoro, uye gasi rinokuvadza rakaderera. Pakupedzisira, waya yearuminiyamu yakashandiswa kupedzisira deoxidation kuderedza oksijeni mukati mesimbi yakanyungudutswa uye kuwedzera kunatsa zviyo.
2 Heat treatment process test
2.1 Kuedza chirongwa
Muviri wekukanda wakashandiswa semuviri wekuyedza, saizi yebhuroka yekuyedza yaive 70mm × 70mm × 230mm, uye yekutanga kupisa kupisa kwaipfavisa annealing. Mushure mekubvunzurudza mabhuku, maitiro ekupisa ekupisa maitiro akasarudzwa aive: normalizing tembiricha 1 010 ℃, yekutanga tempering tembiricha 590 ℃, 605 ℃, 620 ℃, yechipiri tembiricha tembiricha 580 ℃, uye akasiyana maitiro ekupisa akashandiswa pakuenzanisa bvunzo. Chirongwa chekuyedza chinoratidzwa muTafura 3.
Tafura 3 Kupisa kurapwa kwekuedza chirongwa
| Chirongwa chekuedza | Heat treatment test process | Pilot mapurojekiti |
| A1 | 1 010℃Normalizing+620℃Kupisa | Tensile zvivakwa Impact kuoma Kuoma HB Bending zvivakwa Microstructure |
| A2 | 1 010℃Normalizing+620℃Kupisa+580℃Kupisa | |
| B1 | 1 010℃Normalizing+620℃Kupisa | |
| B2 | 1 010℃Normalizing+620℃Kupisa+580℃Kupisa | |
| C1 | 1 010℃Normalizing+620℃Kupisa | |
| C2 | 1 010℃Normalizing+620℃Kupisa+580℃Kupisa |
2.2 Ongororo yemhinduro dzebvunzo
2.2.1 Kuongororwa kwemakemikari
Kubva pamhedzisiro yekuongorora yemakemikari ekuumbwa uye gasi zvirimo muTable 1 uye Tafura 2, iwo makuru zvinhu uye gasi zvirimo zvinoenderana neyakagadziridzwa yekudzora kurongeka renji.
2.2.2 Ongororo yemhedzisiro yebvunzo dzekuita
Mushure mekupisa kurapwa zvinoenderana neakasiyana bvunzo zvirongwa, mechanical zvivakwa kuenzanisa bvunzo yakaitwa maererano GB/T228.1-2010, GB/T229-2007, uye GB/T231.1-2009 zviyero. Migumisiro yekuedza inoratidzwa muTafura 4 uye Tafura 5.
Tafura 4 Mechanical properties kuongororwa kwezvirongwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekugadzirisa kupisa
| Chirongwa chekuedza | Rp0.2/Mpa | Rm/Mpa | A/％ | Z/％ | AKV/J(0℃) | Kuoma kukosha HBW |
| standard | ≥550 | ≥750 | ≥15 | ≥35 | ≥50 | 210~290 |
| A1 | 526 | 786 | 21.5 | 71 | 168, 160, 168 | 247 |
| A2 | 572 | 809 | 26 | 71 | 142, 143,139 | 247 |
| B1 | 588 | 811 | 21.5 | 71 | 153, 144,156 | 250 |
| B2 | 687 | 851 | 23 | 71 | 172, 165,176 | 268 |
| C1 | 650 | 806 | 23 | 71 | 147, 152, 156 | 247 |
| C2 | 664 | 842 | 23.5 | 70 | 147,141,139 | 263 |
Tafura 5 Kupeta bvunzo
| Chirongwa chekuedza | Kupeta bvunzo (d=25,a=90°) | kuongorora |
| B1 | Crack5.2 × 1.2mm | Kukundikana |
| B2 | Hapana mitswe | qualified |
Kubva pakuenzanisa uye kuongororwa kwemakina zvivakwa: (1) Normalizing + kupisa kupisa kurapwa, zvinhu zvacho zvinogona kuwana zvirinani zvemichina, zvichiratidza kuti zvinhu zvacho zvine kunaka kuoma. (2) Mushure mekugadzirisa kupisa kwekupisa, simba regoho uye plastiki (kurebesa) kwekupisa kaviri kunovandudzwa kana ichienzaniswa nekudziya kumwe chete. (3) Kubva pakukotama mashandiro ekuongorora nekuongorora, kuita kwekukotama kweB1 normalizing + single tempering test process haina kukodzera, uye kubhenda bvunzo kuita kweB2 bvunzo maitiro mushure mekupisa kaviri kunokodzera. (4) Kubva pakuenzanisa mhedzisiro yebvunzo ye6 dzakasiyana tembiricha yekupisa, iyo B2 process scheme ye1 010 ℃ normalizing + 605 ℃ imwe chete tempering + 580 ℃ yechipiri tempering ine yakanakisa michina zvivakwa, ine simba regoho re687MPa, kureba. ye23%, kuomarara kwezvinodarika 160J pa 0 ℃, kuomarara kuri pakati nepakati kwe268HB, uye kugona kubhenda kwekuita, zvese zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zvekushanda kwezvinhu.
2.2.3 Metallographic structure analysis
Iyo metallographic chimiro cheB1 uye B2 bvunzo maitiro akaongororwa zvinoenderana neGB/T13298-1991 standard. Mufananidzo 1 unoratidza iyo metallographic chimiro che normalizing + 605 ℃ yekutanga kupisa, uye Figure 2 inoratidza iyo metallographic chimiro che normalizing + yekutanga kushatisa + yechipiri kupisa. Kubva pakuongorora nekuongorora metallographic, chimiro chikuru cheZG06C r13N i4M o mushure mekupisa kwekupisa kwakaderera-carbon lath martensite + reversed austenite. Kubva pakuongororwa kwemetallographic chimiro, iwo lath martensite masumbu echinyorwa mushure mekutanga kupisa akawedzera uye akareba. Mushure mekupisa kwechipiri, chimiro chematrix chinoshanduka zvishoma, chimiro chemartensite chinonatswawo zvishoma, uye chimiro chakanyanya kufanana; maererano nekushanda, simba regoho uye plastiki inovandudzwa kune imwe nzvimbo.
Mufananidzo 1 ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo normalizing + imwe tempering microstructure
Mufananidzo 2 ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo normalizing + kaviri tempering metallographic chimiro
2.2.4 Ongororo yemhinduro dzebvunzo
1) Muedzo wakasimbisa kuti ZG06C r13N i4M o zvinhu zvine hurema hwakanaka. Kuburikidza neyakajairwa + kupisa kupisa kurapwa, izvo zvinhu zvinogona kuwana yakanaka michina zvivakwa; iyo goho simba uye epurasitiki zvinhu (elongation) maviri temperings pashure normalizing kupisa kurapwa vari akakwirira zvikuru kupfuura vaya imwe tempering.
2) Ongororo yekuongorora inoratidza kuti chimiro cheZG06C r13N i4M o mushure me normalizing is martensite, uye chimiro mushure mekupisa chakaderera-carbon lath tempered martensite + reversed austenite. Iyo yakadzoserwa austenite mune yakadzikama chimiro ine yakakwira yekudziya kugadzikana uye ine yakakosha mhedzisiro pane yemakanika zvivakwa, kukanganisa zvivakwa uye kukanda uye welding maitiro ezvinyorwa. Naizvozvo, zvinhu zvacho zvine simba rakawanda, kusimba kwepurasitiki yakakwira, kuomarara kwakakodzera, kunaka kwekusagadzikana uye kukanda kwakanaka uye kukwenenzvera zvinhu mushure mekupisa kupisa.
3) Ongorora zvikonzero zvekuvandudzwa kwechipiri chekupisa kweZG06C r13N i4M o. Mushure mekujaira, kupisa uye kuchengetedza kupisa, ZG06C r13N i4M o inoumba yakanaka-grained austenite mushure me austenitization, uye inoshandura kuita yakaderera-carbon martensite mushure mekutonhora nekukurumidza. Mukupisa kwekutanga, iyo supersaturated kabhoni mumartensite inonaya muchimiro checarbides, nekudaro ichidzikisa kusimba kwechinhu uye kuvandudza mapurasitiki uye kuoma kwezvinhu. Nekuda kwekupisa kwakanyanya kwekudziya kwekutanga, kudziya kwekutanga kunoburitsa yakanyanya kunaka reverse austenite mukuwedzera kune yakadzikama martensite. Aya reverse austenite anoshandurwa zvishoma kuita martensite panguva yekudziya kutonhora, achipa mamiriro eiyo nucleation uye kukura kweyakagadzika reverse austenite inogadzirwa zvakare panguva yechipiri yekupisa. Chinangwa chekupisa chechipiri ndechekuwana yakakwana yakagadzikana reverse austenite. Aya reverse austenites anogona kuita shanduko yechikamu panguva yekuchinja kwepurasitiki, nekudaro achivandudza kusimba uye mapurasitiki echinhu. Nekuda kwemamiriro mashoma, hazvibviri kutarisa uye kuongorora reverse austenite, saka kuyedza uku kunofanirwa kutora ma mechanic properties uye microstructure sezvinhu zvikuru zvekutsvagisa zvekuenzanisa kuongorora.
3 Kugadzira Chikumbiro
ZG06C r13N i4M o isimbi yakakwirira-yakasimba yakakandwa simbi ine mashandiro akanaka. Kana kugadzirwa chaiko kwemablades kuchiitwa, kuumbwa kwemakemikari uye zvemukati kudzora zvinodiwa zvakatemwa nekuyedza, uye nzira yekupisa yekupisa yechipiri normalizing + tempering inoshandiswa pakugadzira. Iyo nzira yekupisa yekupisa inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 3. Parizvino, kugadzirwa kwe10 yakakura hydropower blades yakapedzwa, uye kushanda kwacho kwakasangana nezvinodiwa nemushandisi. Vakapfuura kuongororazve kwemushandisi uye vakagamuchira ongororo yakanaka.
Kune hunhu hweakakomba akakomberedzwa mablades, mahombe contour mativi, gobvu shaft misoro, uye nyore deformation uye kutsemuka, mamwe maitirwo emaitiro anofanirwa kutorwa mukupisa kwekupisa:
1) Musoro we shaft uri pasi uye blade iri kumusoro. Iyo choto yekurodha chirongwa inogamuchirwa kuti ifambise kushoma deformation, sezvakaratidzwa muFigure 4;
2) Ita shuwa kuti pane yakakura yakaringana gap pakati pekukanda uye pakati pecastings uye padhi iron pasi ndiro kuti ive nechokwadi chekutonhora, uye ive nechokwadi chekuti gobvu shaft musoro unosangana nezvinodiwa zvekuona ultrasonic;
3) Iyo yekudziya nhanho yeworkpiece yakakamurwa kakawanda kuti kuderedze kushushikana kwesangano kwekukanda panguva yekudziya maitiro kudzivirira kuputika.
Kuitwa kwematanho ari pamusoro ekurapa kupisa kunovimbisa hutano hwekupisa kweblade.
Mufananidzo 3 ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo blade kupisa kurapwa maitiro
Mufananidzo 4 Blade kupisa kurapwa process choto kurodha chirongwa
4 Mhedziso
1) Kubva pakutonga kwemukati kwemakemikari ekugadzirwa kwezvinhu, kuburikidza nekuedzwa kwekupisa kwekupisa, kunotarirwa kuti nzira yekupisa yeZG06C r13N i4M o yakakwirira-yakasimba simbi isina tsvina inobata kupisa kwe1. 010 ℃ normalizing + 605 ℃ primary tempering + 580 ℃ secondary tempering, iyo inogona kuona kuti ma mechanic properties, yakaderera-tembiricha inokanganisa zvimiro uye inotonhora yekukotama zvivakwa zvekukanda zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zvakajairwa.
2) ZG06C r13N i4M o zvinhu zvine kunaka kuoma. Chimiro mushure me normalizing + kaviri kupisa kupisa kurapwa ndeye yakaderera-kabhoni lath martensite + reverse austenite nekuita kwakanaka, iyo ine simba repamusoro, kusimba kwepurasitiki yakakwira, kuoma kwakakodzera, kutsemuka kwakanaka uye kukanda kwakanaka uye kuita welding.
3) Iyo yekupisa yekurapa chirongwa che normalizing + kaviri kudziya kwakatemwa nekuyedza kunoiswa kune yekupisa kurapwa kugadzirwa kwemashizha makuru, uye zvinhu zvenyama zvese zvinosangana nezvinodiwa nemushandisi.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-28-2024
