一、 Mashanu akakosha mameseji ayo ari nyore kufuratirwa mukurasika furo kukanda
1. Kureba kwemusoro;
1) Kuti uve nechokwadi chepamusoro uye nechekure chikamu chekukanda, uye kuwana kukanda kune akajeka contours uye chimiro chakazara, kureba kubva pakakwirira kumusoro kwekukanda kusvika kune mvura yemvura yekapu yekudira inofanira kusangana: hM≥Ltanα.
Ikoko: hM-- shoma yakasara yekumanikidza musoro kureba (mm)
L-kuyerera kwesimbi yakanyungudutswa, chinhambwe chakachinjika chemutsetse wepakati wemumhanyi wakatwasuka padanho rekure kuresa rekukanda (mm)
α--kudiridzira kudira (°)
Yakakwana kumanikidza musoro kureba, kana simbi yakanyungudutswa mugomba ichikwira, pane yakaringana yekumanikidza kuti ive nechokwadi chekuzadza kumhanya kwesimbi yakanyungudutswa.
2) Iyo foam pateni inonyungudika panguva yekudurura, ichigadzira yakawandisa gasi. Kune rumwe rutivi, gasi rinosvetwa kure nekumanikidza kwakashata, uye chechipiri, inosvinwa kunze kwegomba nekukwira kwesimbi yakanyungudutswa nekumanikidzwa kwakakwana.
3) Kukanganisa senge kutonhora kuvharika, pores, uye kabhoni deposition inogadzirwa pamusoro peiyo yekukanda kazhinji inokonzereswa nekusakwana kwekumanikidza musoro kureba pasi pemamiriro enzvimbo yakakodzera yekudira, tembiricha yekudurura uye nzira yekudira.
2. Kudzvinyirira kusina kunaka;
1) Mageji akajairwa asina kunaka anoiswa papombi huru, iyo inogona kungoona zvisina kunanga kudzvanywa mubhokisi, asi haigone kumiririra chaiyo yakashata yekumanikidza kukosha mubhokisi.
2) Nekuda kwekusiyana kwemaitiro ekukanda, mamwe makanda ane nhete mumhango yemukati. Munguva yekudururwa, nekuda kwekumanikidzwa kwekumanikidzwa kana kusakwana kwakashata kudzvinyirira, kudzvanywa kwakashata muchikamu ichi kuchave kwakaderera, zvichikonzera kusakwana kwesimba rejecha mold, deformation uye kuputika kwekukanda, uye kukanganisa kwakadai sejecha rakaputirwa nesimbi, kuwedzera kwebhokisi, uye kuparara kwebhokisi. Nzvimbo idzi inzvimbo dzisina kunaka dzemapofu.
3) Panguva yekudururwa, nekuda kwekushanda zvisina kunaka, firimu repurasitiki rinovhara bhokisi rinopisa pamusoro penzvimbo huru, uye huwandu hukuru hwekumanikidzika hunogadzirwa nekuda kwekusaisa chisimbiso, zvichikonzera kushayikwa kwakakomba kwekumanikidza kwakashata mubhokisi, uye kunyange shure-kupfapfaidza panguva yekudira, zvichiita kuti kutonhora kuvhare, kusakwana kudira uye kabhoni kukanganisa mukukanda. Bhokisi rimwe rine masefa akawanda, uye bhegi rimwe rine mabhokisi akawanda ekudira, izvo zviri pachena.
Matanho chaiwo:
A. Isai pombi yenguva pfupi yakaipa yekumanikidza; pre-zadza resin jecha; tsiva iyo jecha musimboti.
B. Ukobvu hwevhavha yejecha hwakakwana; pre-kurapwa kunoitwa kutenderedza kapu yekudira, semucheka weasbestos, jecha resin, nezvimwewo; kudzvinyirira kwakashata kwebhokisi rejecha rakadururirwa kare rakaderedzwa kana kuvharwa; yechipiri standby vacuum pombi inobatidzwa.
3.Dzivisa tsvina;
Munguva yekudurura, tsvina yakadai se slag, jecha particles, ash powder, nezvimwewo kunze kwegomba inonyudzwa mugomba nesimbi yakanyungudutswa inoyerera, uye kukanganisa kwakadai semakomba ejecha uye maburi e slag achaonekwa mukukanda.
1) Iyo refractoriness, simba uye kuwanda kweiyo refractory zvinhu zvesimbi yakanyungudutswa ladle haina kukwirira. Munguva yekudurura, yakasvibiswa uye yakanyungudutswa nesimbi yakanyungudutswa yepamusoro-soro, uye slag inoumbwa uye inotenderera kumusoro; loose granular aggregates inodonha kana kushambidzwa nesimbi yakanyungudutswa.
2) Slag yakarembera pane yekare ladle haina kucheneswa; iyo density uye refractoriness yezvinyorwa zvekugadzirisa zvigaro hazvisi zvakakwirira, uye kusungirirwa nemucheka wepakutanga hauna kusimba.
3) Slag remover uye slag aggregation agent haibatsiri, uye kune tsvina yakapararira uye yakaparadzaniswa pamusoro pesimbi yakanyungudutswa.
4) Paunenge uchidurura duckbill ladle, slag cotton inomiswa mumhepo uye inorasikirwa nebasa rayo re slag.
5) Kusarongeka panguva yekudira, simbi yakanyungudutswa inokanganisa jecha, uye jecha rinopfachukira mukapu yekudira.
6) Kusachena kwakadai seguruva, jecha, uye tsvina zviripo muinoculant.
Matanho chaiwo:
A. Paki nepamusoro-tembiricha inodzivirira castables uye shandisa zvakakosha kugadzirisa zvinhu zvekugadzirisa zvemunharaunda.
B. Shandisa inobudirira slag kubvisa uye slag aggregation agent.
C. Mukombe wekudurura unopfuura 50mm pamusoro pejecha, uye pedyo nekudururira makapu anodirwa akafukidzwa nemavharo ekudzivirira. Kune vanodira vasina hunyanzvi, jira reasbestosi rinoshandiswa kutenderedza kapu yekudururira kuti ridzivirire.
D. Dzidzisa uye dzidzisa vashandi nezvehunyanzvi uye kugona kuverenga.
E. Isa sefa, ipa pakutanga kudira pasi, uye iyo yekudira system ine slag yekuvhara basa.
F. Inoculant inotengwa panzvimbo yakatarwa uye inochengetwa zvakanaka.
4. Kudurura tembiricha;
Zvinoenderana nehunhu hwesimbi yakanyungudutswa uye hunhu hwekukanda, hushoma hwekudurura tembiricha hwakatemerwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti chimiro chekukanda chakwana, mipendero nemakona zviri pachena, uye hapana kutonhora kuvharika kukanganisa mumadziro akatetepa.
Kana bhegi resimbi yakanyungudutswa rikadirwa mumabhokisi akawanda uye zvidimbu zvakawanda mubhokisi rimwe, pesvedzero yekutonhodza kwesimbi yakanyungudutswa muchikamu chekupedzisira chakakosha zvakanyanya.
1) Shandisa bhegi rekudzivirira, kazhinji wedzera chigadziko chekudzivirira pakati peganda resimbi uye refractory layer;
2) Kuvhara pamusoro pebhegi resimbi yakanyungudutswa ine insulation agent, slag uye insulation composite covering agent;
3) Muganho wepamusoro wekudurura tembiricha unogona kukwidziridzwa zvakakodzera pasina kukanganisa zvinhu, iyo refractoriness ye mold coating layer inogutsikana, uye hapana humwe hurema hwekukanda hunogadzirwa. Semuenzaniso, imba yemota: tembiricha yevira ndeye 1630-1650 ℃, uye tembiricha yekudurura i1470-1580 ℃;
4) Kana shoma shoma yesimbi yakanyungudutswa yasara pamagumo uye kutonhora kwakaderera, inofanira kudzorerwa kuchoto kuti irapwe, kana kuramba ichiputira nekudurura;
5) Zvimedu zvakawanda zvinodururwa munhevedzano;
6) Shandura kune akawanda kubatika emabhegi madiki;
7) Kupfupisa nguva yekudurura, mukombe wekudira unorongedzwa nguva dzose, uye mushandi wekudira nemushandi wecrane vane hunyanzvi uye vane kudyidzana kwakanyanya.
5. Kudurura nharaunda.
Mukuita kugadzirwa kwekugadzira, pane chirevo chinoti "30% modeling uye 70% kudurura", iyo inoratidza kukosha kwekudira mukukanda kugadzirwa.
Unyanzvi hwekushanda hwemushandi wekudurura hwakakosha, asi hazvigoneke kuti munhu wese ave "mutengesi wemafuta". Kugadzira nzvimbo yakanaka yekudira kazhinji iri nyore kuita.
1) Kureba kwakamira kwemuromo weladle kubva kumusoro kwekapu yekudururira ndeye ≤300mm, uye nhambwe yakatwasuka pakati pemuromo weladle uye mutsara wepakati wekapu yekudurura ndeye ≤300mm;
2) Shandisa duckbill ladle, uye muromo weladle haufanirwe kunge wakareba. [Deredzai kumhanya kwekutanga kwesimbi yakanyunguduka ichisiya muromo weladle parabola uye kupfupisa nhambwe yakachinjika;
3) Paunenge uchigadzira nzira uye kurongedza, mukombe wekudururira unofanirwa kuiswa sepedyo nedivi rekukanda rejecha bhokisi sezvinobvira, nepamusoro pemitsara miviri;
4) Bhokisi-mhando yekudira kapu kana yekuwedzera funnel backflow cup;
5) Otomatiki kudurura muchina. Iyo ladle iri padyo nebhokisi rejecha, uye muromo weladle uri padyo nekapu yekudururira mumativi ese akachinjika uye akatwasuka, saka zviri nyore kuwana nzvimbo chaiyo. Iyo trolley uye kusimudza kugadzirisa kwepamusoro crane inoshandiswa pakati, uye ladle inenge yakagadzikana, uye haisi nyore kuputsa kuyerera kana chiitiko chehombe uye duku;
6) Teapot ladle haigoni kuva pedyo nebhokisi rejecha; mushandi wekudurura ari kure uye hazvisi nyore kuwana nzvimbo yakarurama. Bhokisi rejecha rinoiswa mumitsara yakawanda. Paunenge uchidururira mold yepakati, muromo weladle wakanyanya kukwirira kubva kune kapu yekudurura, uye kureba kwakatwasuka kuri kure, izvo zvakaoma kudzora.
二、 Ductile iron valve body process dhizaini nekuongorora
1. Mamiriro ezvinhu uye maitiro ekukanda;
1) Hunhu: vharafu muviri, zvinhu QT450-10, chikwata uremu 50Kg, rondedzero saizi 320 × 650 × 60mm;
2) Zvimiro zvechimiro: gobvu madziro 60mm, nhete madziro 10mm, mukati memhango inzira yemhepo inotenderera;
3) Zvinodiwa zvakakosha: hapana kukanganisa kwemhepo kunoputika pamadziro akatenderedza nzira yemhepo, hapana zvikanganiso semakomba ejecha, pores, shrinkage, nezvimwewo pane dzimwe nzvimbo dzakagadziriswa.
2.Kuenzanisa uye kuongororwa kwemaviri egating system design zvirongwa;
Hurongwa 1,
1) Isa vertically, zvidimbu zviviri mune imwe mold, maviri akaturikidzana jekiseni reparutivi, pasi rinonyanya kuzadzwa, uye chikamu chepamusoro chinonyanya shrinkage-kubhadharwa;
2) Nzira yemhepo isimbi yejecha yakavharwa, yakaputirwa nependi yakarasika yefuro, uye ukobvu hwekuputira i1mm;
3) Mutsipa wekusimudza ipfupi, wakapfava uye wakatetepa, nehukuru hwe12 gobvu × 50 yakafara. Nzvimbo: kure nenzvimbo inopisa asi pedyo nenzvimbo inopisa;
4) Riser size: 70×80×150mm yakakwirira;
5)Kukanda tembiricha: 1470～1510℃.
Chirongwa 2,
1) Isa vertically, zvidimbu zviviri mune imwe yekukanda, maviri akaturikidzana ekukanda parutivi, pasi pacho panonyanya kuzadzwa, uye chikamu chepamusoro chinonyanya kuderedzwa-kudzoreredzwa;
2) Nzira yemhepo ndeyejecha rakaputirwa, uye iyo yakarasika furo yemvura-based coating inoshandiswa kunze, nehupamhi hwekuputira 1mm;
3) Mutsipa wekusimudza wakakora uye wakakura, une zviyero: ukobvu 15 × upamhi 50. Nzvimbo: yakaiswa panzvimbo yepamusoro yejometri inopisa node;
4) Riser size: 80×80×kureba 160;
5) Kudurura tembiricha: 1470～1510℃.
3. Miedzo mhinduro;
Scheme 1, yemukati uye yekunze zvimedu chiyero 80%;
Pane 10% maburi ekumisikidza akatenderedza mudzi wekusimudza mutsipa weimwe castings;
Mushure mekupedza ma castings, ma castings mazhinji ane maburi e shrinkage uye shrinkage kuremara muchikamu chepasi.
Scheme 2, yemukati uye yekunze zvimedu chiyero 20%;
Mamwe makanda ane 10% shrinkage maburi akatenderedza mudzi wekusimudza mutsipa;
Mushure mokunge kukanda kuchigadziriswa, hapana makomba ekudzikisa uye kukanganisa kwe shrinkage, asi kune zvishoma zvishoma zve slag inclusions.
4.Simulation analysis;
Muchisarudzo 1, kune ngozi yekuderera pamudzi uye pasi pemutsipa unosimudza; mhedzisiro yekuenzanisa inopindirana nekukanganisa chaiko kwekukanda.
Muchirongwa chechipiri, kune ngozi yekuderera pamudzi wekusimudza mutsipa, uye mhedzisiro yekufananidza inopindirana nekukanganisa chaiko kwekukanda.
5. Kuvandudzwa kwemaitiro uye kuongorora maitiro.
1) Maitiro ekuvandudza:
Pane shrinkage pamudzi wekusimuka, zvichiratidza kuti kupisa kwesimba remukwidza kuduku. Pachikonzero chechirongwa chechipiri, kusimudza uye kusimudza mutsipa kwakawedzerwa zvakakodzera.
Kukura kwepakutanga: riser 80 × 80 × urefu 160 riser mutsipa 15 × 50;
Mushure mekuvandudza: riser 80 × 90 × urefu 170 riser mutsipa 20 × 60;
Verification results: shrinkage uye shrinkage defects zvinobviswa, uye mukati nekunze zvimedu zvakasara ≤5%.
2) Kuongorora maitiro:
Isa ndege mbiri huru parutivi, uye kanda zvidimbu zviviri mumutsara. Nzvimbo yekutarisa yakatwasuka ndiyo idiki, uye ndege huru iri pafacade, iyo inobatsira kuderedza kubuda kwegasi pakarepo; uye mazhinji akakosha ekugadzirisa ari padivi.
Maviri-layer side casting, yakavhurika yekukanda system. Iyo yekumusoro cross runner yakarerekera kumusoro, uye yakaderera ingrate nzvimbo yakakura kupfuura yakatwasuka mumhanyi, kuitira kuti simbi yakanyungudutswa inobaiwa kubva pasi pekutanga, iyo inobatsira kusimuka kwakatsetseka kwesimbi yakanyungudutswa. Iyo furo inopfungaira yakaturikidzana ne layer, uye iyo ingrate inokurumidza kuvharwa. Mhepo uye slag haigoni kupinda mugomba, kudzivisa kukanganisa kabhoni uye slag inclusions.
Kana iyo simbi yakanyunguduka yakwira kusvika paurefu hwemudzi wekumusoro, simbi yakawanda yakanyungudutswa yekudziya kwepamusoro inotanga kupinda mugomba kuburikidza nemukwidza. Iyo inosimuka yakanyanyisa uye inofanana nekukwira kunopisa, kwete kusimuka kwakanyanya kupisa, nekuti mhango inoda kukwira shoma shoma yesimbi inotonhora yakanyunguduka kuburikidza nepasi ingrate, saka vhoriyamu yekusimuka ihombe kupfuura iyo inopisa inosimuka, saka. kuti inosimbisa kwekupedzisira.
Mumhanyi anobatanidza mumhanyi wepamusoro wakatwasuka kune chinosimudzwa anofanira kunge achipeperetswa negotsi rinosimudzwa. Kana yakakwira, chikamu chezasi chekusimudza chiri chose chinotonhora chesimbi yakanyungudutswa, iyo yekusimudza shrinkage muripo wekubudirira inoderedzwa zvakanyanya, uye kutonhora kuvharika uye kabhoni defects ichaonekwa pamusoro pechikamu chekukanda, izvo zvakaratidzwa mukuita.
Nekudururira kwakavharwa, simbi yakanyungudutswa inokwira kune imwe nzvimbo yakakwirira, uye simbi yakanyungudutswa inopinda mugomba kubva kumusoro uye pasi pemvura inopinza panguva imwe chete. Panguva ino, inosimuka inova inosimudza inopisa, uye kureba kwemuchinjikwa mumhanyi unobatanidza riser hauna simba.
Iyo yakavhurika yekudurura system haina slag basa, uye sefa inofanirwa kuiswa kune epamusoro uye epasi pemvura inlets.
The airway core yakakomberedzwa nesimbi yakanyungudutswa uye nharaunda ine hutsinye. Naizvozvo, musimboti unofanirwa kuve nesimba rakawanda, refractoriness, uye kuparara. Muti wejecha wakavharwa unoshandiswa, uye pamusoro wakaputirwa nekurasika furo coating. Ukobvu hwekuvhara ndeye 1 kusvika 1.5 mm.
PS Hurukuro pane shrinkage feed risers,
1) Mutsipa wekusimudza uri panzvimbo chaiyo inopisa node, ukobvu uye nzvimbo haigoni kuva diki [modulus haigoni kuva diki], uye mumhanyi wemukati anobatanidza chikwiriso chakati sandara, chitete uye chakareba. Chikwiriso chakakura.
2) Mutsipa wekusimudza uri kure nenzvimbo chaiyo inopisa node, asi pedyo nenode inopisa, yakatsetseka, yakaonda uye ipfupi. Inosimudza idiki.
Ukobvu hwemadziro hwekukanda hwakakura, saka 1 inosarudzwa); madziro emadziro ekukanda idiki, saka 2 inosarudzwa).
Scheme 3 [Haina kuyedzwa]
1) Jekiseni kubva kumusoro, simbi yakanyungudutswa inopinda mugomba kuburikidza nekusimudza, yechokwadi inopisa inosimuka;
2) Vanomhanya vesprue uye riser yakakwirira kudarika mutsipa unosimudza;
3) Zvakanakira: nyore kubhadhara shrinkage uye nyore kuzadza mold;
4) Zvakaipa: Kusagadzikana kwesimbi yakanyungudutswa kuzadza, nyore kugadzira kabhoni hurema.
三, Nyaya nhanhatu dzinofanirwa kutariswa nenyanzvi dzekukanda
1) Kunyatsonzwisisa maitiro ekugadzirisa, zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi uye akakosha maficha echigadzirwa,
[Ukobvu hudiki hwemadziro, nzira yemhepo, chengetedzo, yakanyanya kudzvanywa, kuvuza, kushandisa nharaunda]
2) Ongorora matambudziko ari kuitika parizvino mukukanda uye kushandiswa kwechigadzirwa ichi kana zvimwe zvigadzirwa,
[Zvizhinji zvinoita sezviri nyore, asi vanza matambudziko]
3) Sarudza yakanakisa kukanda nzira,
[Iyo foam yakarasika maitiro ane akawanda ekuchengetedza nzvimbo, kuvuza, kudzvanywa, nezvimwe, izvo zvisiri izvo zvakanakisa mhinduro]
4) Kune zvigadzirwa zvitsva zvinopihwa mumabhechi, zvinodikanwa kukoka boka renyanzvi rine ruzivo kuratidza, kuongorora uye kutungamira,
[Vanhu vanotanga kuda rubatsiro kana vazvarwa]
5) Kana mhando dzekukanda dzakaoma, dzinochinjika, uye huwandu hwacho hudiki, yekutanga kukanda simulation inonyanya kukosha,
[Deredza huwandu hwebvunzo uye kunangwa]
6）Rega ndibvunze: Nyanzvi ine zvigadzirwa zvakafanana uye maitiro mumakambani akasiyana, asi nei hunhu hwakasiyana kudaro?
四、 Typical Cases
1) Yemotokari ductile iron vhiri reducer goko, yakanakisa nzira yekukanda ndeyekufukidza simbi mold nejecha. Iyo nzira yekuburitsa ndeye 85%, uye yakazara zvimedu mwero ndeye ≤5%. Unhu hwakagadzikana uye kubudirira kwekugadzira kwakakwirira; iyo yakarasika furo muitiro kukundikana.
[Zvaigoneka kuitisa yekukandira simulation muUnited States. Nekuda kwekutsunga kwechimiro chekukanda uye zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi, pamusoro pemuripo wekukwira nekudzika uye zviyero zvesimbi inotonhora yemuno, iyo yese yekukanda kutonhora kumhanya yakakosha zvikuru. ]
2) Kune akasiyana ductile iron mabhureki emotokari, iyo yakarasika foam maitiro haifanirwe. Chero kukanganisa kwekukanda mukati mekukanda kunogona kukonzera kuputsika panguva yekushandiswa. Kana 1% yekukanganisika kwemukati kabhoni ikaitika, zvichemo uye faindi zvichaitwa mushure, izvo zvinozoita kuti iwe urasikirwe nekuedza kwako kwese kwawakamboita uye kubhuroka. Nhamba yezvikamu zviduku zvakakura, uye 100% kuona kukanganisa hakugone kuitwa.
Kune iyo mota chiyero shaft bracket, zvinhu ndeye QT800-5, uye yakarasika foam maitiro haifanirwe. Kunyange kana kukanda kusina kukanganisa, girafu yakakora nekuda kwekunonoka kutonhora kwekukanda, uye kunotevera kupisa kurapwa hakuna simba.
3) Saizi yealuminium inogona kuita 30mm muukobvu hwemadziro, 500mm kunze dhayamita, uye 1000mm pakureba. Nuclear tsvina mudziyo, hapana chakakanganisika mukati kukanda. Japan yakambobvunza China, inozivikanwa sesimba rekukanda, kuti iite pamutengo wakapetwa ka10 kupfuura mutengo wemusika. Mushure mekunge boka rezvematongerwo enyika rakazviongorora, mhedzisiro yaive "haigone kuzviita".
[Kunyunguduka kwese nekudirwa kunofanirwa kunge kuri munzvimbo isina vacuum kuti ive nechokwadi]
4) Imwe hombe yemumba yakarasika yekukanda furo kambani yakashandisa mari yakawanda payakarasika furo kugadzirwa kwe ductile iron zvikamu. Yakakumbira boka renyika rekutonga kuti ritungamirirwe, asi rakakundikana. Ikozvino yachinja kuita jecha revhu uye static pressure line kugadzirwa.
5) Kuisa nzungu kuri nyore uye kunoda kusambosunungura. Kare, Japan chete ndiyo yaigona kuzvigadzira munyika. Zvimwe zvinoita sezviri nyore, asi chaizvoizvo zvakaoma zvikuru.
6) Kune grey cast iron, mota imba, mubhedha, workbench, gearbox dzimba, clutch dzimba uye zvimwe zvikamu zvebhokisi, iyo yakarasika furo maitiro ndiyo yakanyanya kunaka maitiro.
7) Furo rakarasika rinotanga kupiswa rozodururwa, pamwe nekuumbwa kwegoko risina chinhu, izvo zvinounza chiedza pakugadzirwa kwesimbi isina tsvina uye duplex simbi inokandwa ine zvinodiwa zvakakosha zvekuchengetedza zvikamu, kuvuza, kusimba kwakanyanya, nezvimwe.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-08-2024
