Iyo kemikari yejecha receramic inonyanya kuve Al2O3 uye SiO2, uye chikamu cheminerari yejecha receramic inonyanya kukosha corundum chikamu uye mullite chikamu, pamwe nechikamu chidiki cheamorphous chikamu. Iyo refractoriness yejecha receramic inowanzopfuura 1800 ° C, uye ndeyekuoma-kuoma kwealuminium-silicon refractory material.
Hunhu hweceramic jecha
● High refractoriness;
● Diki coefficient of thermal kuwedzera;
● High thermal conductivity;
● Yakaenzana spherical chimiro, diki angle factor, yakanaka fluidity uye compact kugona;
● Nzvimbo yakatsetseka, isina mitswe, isina mapundu;
● Neutral material, yakakodzera kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvekukanda simbi;
● Zvimedu zvine simba guru uye hazvisi nyore kuputsika;
● Iyo particle size range yakakura, uye kusanganiswa kunogona kugadzirwa maererano nezvinodiwa nemaitiro.
Kushandiswa kweCeramic Sand muInjini Castings
1. Shandisa jecha receramic kugadzirisa tsinga, jecha rinonamira, rakaputsika musimboti uye jecha musimboti deformation yesimbi yakakandwa silinda musoro.
● Cylinder block uye cylinder head ndiyo inonyanya kukosha kukanda injini
● Chimiro chegomba remukati chakaoma, uye zvinodiwa pakurongeka kwedimensional uye kuchena kwemukati memukati zvakakwirira.
● Batch hombe
Kuti uve nechokwadi chekubudirira kwekugadzirwa uye kunaka kwechigadzirwa,
● Jecha regirini (kunyanya Hydrostatic styling line) kugadzira mutsara wegungano kunowanzo shandiswa.
● Misungo yejecha inowanzoshandisa bhokisi rinotonhora uye resin yakavharwa jecha (shell core) maitiro, uye mamwe majecha anoshandisa kupisa bhokisi.
● Pamusana pechimiro chakaoma chejecha rejecha revhavha yevhavha uye kukanda musoro, mamwe majecha ejecha ane nzvimbo duku ye-cross-sectional, iyo thinnest yeimwe cylinder blocks uye cylinder head jacket jacket cores inongova 3-3.5mm, uye iyo jecha rinobuda rakamanikana, jecha musimboti mushure mekukanda rakakomberedzwa nesimbi yakanyungudutswa yakakwirira-yepamusoro kwenguva yakareba, zvakaoma kuchenesa jecha, uye yakakosha midziyo yekuchenesa inodiwa, etc. Kare, jecha rose resilica raishandiswa mukukanda. kugadzirwa, izvo zvakakonzera tsinga uye jecha kunamatira matambudziko mumvura yejasi castings ye cylinder block uye cylinder head. Core deformation uye akatyoka musimboti matambudziko akajairika uye akaoma kugadzirisa.
Kuti agadzirise matambudziko akadai, kutanga kubva kumativi e2010, mamwe makambani anozivikanwa epamba injini yekukanda, akadai seFAW, Weichai, Shangchai, Shanxi Xinke, nezvimwewo, akatanga kutsvakurudza uye kuedza kushandiswa kwejecha receramic kuti ribudise zvivharo zvehumburumbira. cylinder head water jackets, uye mafuta mapassage. Akaenzana jecha cores zvinobudirira kubvisa kana kuderedza hurema hwakadai senge mukati megomba sintering, jecha rinonamira, jecha core deformation, uye akatyoka macores.
Tevera mifananidzo inogadzirwa nejecha receramic rine inotonhora bhokisi maitiro.
Kubva ipapo, jecha receramic rakasanganiswa jecha rekukwesha rakasimudzirwa zvishoma nezvishoma mubhokisi rinotonhora uye rinopisa bhokisi maitiro, uye rinoiswa kune silinda musoro wemvura bhachi cores. Yave iri mukugadzirwa kwakagadzikana kweanopfuura makore matanhatu. Ikozvino kushandiswa kweiyo inotonhora bhokisi jecha core ndeye: zvichienderana nechimiro uye saizi yejecha musimboti, huwandu hwejecha receramic rakawedzerwa 30% -50%, huwandu hweresin hwakawedzerwa 1.2% -1.8%, uye iyo kusimba simba ndeye 2.2-2.7 MPa. (Laboratory sampuro yekuyedza data)
Summary
Cylinder block uye musoro cast iron zvikamu zvine akawanda akatetepa emukati megoti zvimiro, uye tembiricha yekudurura kazhinji iri pakati pe1440-1500 ° C. Iyo yakatetepa-yakakomberedzwa chikamu chejecha musimboti inonyudzwa zviri nyore pasi pechiito chesimbi yakanyungudutswa yepamusoro-soro, senge simbi yakanyungudutswa inopinda mukati mejecha core, kana kuburitsa interface kuita kuumba jecha rinonamira. Iyo refractoriness yejecha receramic yakakura kupfuura 1800 ° C, panguva iyi, kusimba kwechokwadi kwejecha receramic kwakakwira zvishoma, iyo kinetic simba rejecha zvidimbu zvine dhayamita imwechete uye kumhanya kunosvika 1.28 nguva iyo ye silica sand particles pakupfura jecha, rinogona kuwedzera kuwanda kwejecha cores.
Izvi zvakanakira zvikonzero nei kushandiswa kwejecha receramic kunogona kugadzirisa dambudziko rejecha rinonamira mukati memukati mehumburu yekukanda musoro.
Iyo bhachi remvura, yekupinda uye yekupedza zvikamu zve cylinder block uye cylinder musoro zvinowanzove nevein defects. Huwandu hukuru hwekutsvagisa uye maitiro ekukanda zvakaratidza kuti chisakiso chekuremara kweveining pane yekukanda pamusoro ndiyo chikamu shanduko yekuwedzera ye silica jecha, izvo zvinokonzeresa kushushikana kwekupisa kunotungamira kune kuputika pamusoro peiyo jecha core, izvo zvinokonzeresa simbi yakanyungudutswa. kuti ipinde mukati mezvimedu, hutsika hwematsinga hwakanyanya kunyanya mubhokisi rinotonhora. Kutaura zvazviri, kuwedzera kwekupisa kwejecha re silica yakakura kusvika 1.5%, nepo kuwedzera kwekushisa kwejecha receramic inongova 0.13% (inopisa pa1000 ° C kwemaminitsi gumi). Iko kugona kwekuputika kudiki kwazvo uko pamusoro peiyo jecha core nekuda kwekupisa kwekuwedzera kunetseka. Kushandiswa kwejecha receramic mujecha rejecha re cylinder block uye cylinder head ikozvino iri nyore uye inobudirira mhinduro kune dambudziko reining.
Yakaomeswa, yakatetepa-yakakomberedzwa, yakareba uye yakamanikana silinda musoro wejecha jecha cores uye silinda yemafuta chiteshi jecha cores inoda simba rakakura (kusanganisira yakakwirira tembiricha simba) uye kuoma, uye panguva imwe chete inoda kudzora chizvarwa chegasi chepakati jecha. Sechinyakare, iyo yakavharwa jecha process inonyanya kushandiswa . Kushandiswa kwejecha receramic kunoderedza huwandu hweresin uye kuzadzisa mhedzisiro yesimba rakakura uye yakaderera gasi chizvarwa. Nekuda kwekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudzwa kwekuita kweresin uye jecha rakasvibirira, iyo inotonhora bhokisi maitiro yakawedzera kutsiva chikamu cheyakavharidzirwa jecha maitiro mumakore achangopfuura, ichivandudza zvakanyanya kushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzira nekuvandudza nharaunda yekugadzira.
2. Kushandiswa kwejecha receramic kugadzirisa dambudziko rejecha core deformation ye exhaust pombi
Exhaust manifolds anoshanda pasi pepamusoro-tembiricha alternating mamiriro kwenguva yakareba, uye oxidation kushorwa kwezvinhu pakupisa kwakanyanya kunokanganisa zvakananga hupenyu hwesevhisi yekuburitsa manifolds. Mumakore achangopfuura, nyika yakaramba ichivandudza zviyero zvekubuda kwemotokari, uye kushandiswa kwehunyanzvi tekinoroji uye tekinoroji yeturbocharging kwakawedzera zvakanyanya tembiricha yekushanda yeanopotera manifold, kusvika pamusoro pe750 ° C. Nekumwe kuvandudzwa kwekuita kweinjini, tembiricha yekushanda yeanopotera manifold inowedzerawo. Parizvino, simbi inodzivirira kupisa inowanzoshandiswa, yakadai seZG 40Cr22Ni10Si2 (JB/T 13044), nezvimwewo, ine tembiricha isingadziviriri ye950 ° C-1100 ° C.
Mukati memukati we exhaust manifold inowanzodiwa kuti ive isina kuputika, kuvharwa kwechando, shrinkage cavities, slag inclusions, nezvimwe zvinokanganisa kushanda, uye kushata kwemukati memukati kunodiwa kusapfuura Ra25. Panguva imwecheteyo, kune mitemo yakasimba uye yakajeka pamusoro pekutsauka kwepombi rusvingo ukobvu. Kwenguva refu, dambudziko rekusaenzana kwemadziro ukobvu uye kutsauka kwakanyanyisa kwepombi yekupopa yakawanda yakatambudza akawanda exhaust manifold foundries.
Imba yakatanga kushandisa silica jecha rakavharwa nejecha cores kugadzira simbi inodzivirira kupisa manifolds. Nekuda kwekushisa kwakanyanya kwekudurura (1470-1550 ° C), majecha ejecha aive nyore kuremara, zvichikonzera kunze-ku-kushivirira zviitiko mukukora kwepombi. Kunyangwe iyo silica jecha yakarapwa nepamusoro-tembiricha yechikamu shanduko, nekuda kwesimba rezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, haisati yakwanisa kukunda deformation yejecha musimboti pakupisa kwepamusoro, zvichikonzera kushanduka kwakasiyana-siyana mukukora kwemadziro epombi. , uye kana zvanyanya, icharaswa. Kuti uvandudze simba rejecha musimboti uye kudzora gasi chizvarwa chejecha musimboti, zvakasarudzwa kushandisa ceramic jecha rakaputirwa jecha. Kana huwandu hweresin hwakawedzerwa hwaive 36% yakaderera pane iyo silica jecha rakavharwa nejecha, tembiricha yekamuri yekukotama simba uye simba rekukotama rinowedzera ne51%, 67%, uye huwandu hwekugadzira gasi hunoderedzwa ne20%, iyo inosangana process zvinodiwa zvesimba repamusoro uye yakaderera gasi chizvarwa.
Iyo fekitori inoshandisa silica jecha-yakavharwa jecha cores uye ceramic jecha-yakavharwa jecha cores pakukanda panguva imwe chete, mushure mekuchenesa ma castings, ivo vanoitisa anatomical ongororo.
Kana iyo yakakosha yakagadzirwa nesilika jecha rakaputirwa jecha, makanda ane madziro asina kuenzana uye akaonda madziro, uye ukobvu hwemadziro ndeye 3.0-6.2 mm; apo musimboti wakagadzirwa nejecha receramic rakaputirwa jecha, ukobvu hwemadziro hwekukanda hwakafanana, uye ukobvu hwemadziro ndeye 4.4-4.6 mm. sezvinotevera mufananidzo
Silika jecha rakaputirwa jecha
Ceramic jecha rakaputirwa jecha
Ceramic jecha rakavharwa jecha rinoshandiswa kugadzira macores, ayo anobvisa jecha repakati kuputsika, kuderedza jecha musimboti deformation, inonatsiridza zvakanyanya kurongeka kwemukati memukati memvura inoyerera chiteshi cheanopotera manifold, uye inoderedza jecha rinonamatira mukati memukati, kuvandudza kunaka kwe. castings uye zvakapedzwa zvigadzirwa chiyero uye akawana zvakakosha zvehupfumi mabhenefiti.
3. Kushandiswa kwejecha receramic mu turbocharger housing
Tembiricha yekushanda panoperera turbocharger shell inowanzopfuura 600°C, uye mamwe anotosvika pakakwirira kusvika 950-1050°C. Iyo shell zvinhu inoda kushingirira kune yakanyanya tembiricha uye ine yakanaka yekukanda kuita. Chimiro chegoko chakanyanya kusimba, ukobvu hwemadziro hwakatetepa uye yunifomu, uye mukati memukati wakachena, nezvimwewo, inoda zvakanyanya. Parizvino, imba yeturbocharger inowanzo gadzirwa nesimbi inodzivirira kupisa (senge 1.4837 uye 1.4849 yeGerman standard DIN EN 10295), uye inodzivirira kupisa ductile iron inoshandiswa zvakare (seyeGerman standard GGG SiMo, iyo yekuAmerica. chiyero chepamusoro-nickel austenitic nodular iron D5S, nezvimwewo).
A 1.8 T injini turbocharger dzimba, zvinhu: 1.4837, kureva GX40CrNiSi 25-12, huru kemikari yakagadzirwa (%): C: 0.3-0.5, Si: 1-2.5, Cr: 24-27, Mo: Max 0.5, Ni: 11 -14, kudurura tembiricha 1560 ℃. Iyo alloy ine yakakwira kunyungudika, yakakura shrinkage rate, yakasimba inopisa inoputika maitiro, uye yakanyanya kukanda kuoma. Iyo metallographic chimiro chekukanda ine zvakaomesesa zvinodiwa pane zvakasara carbides uye isiri-metallic inclusions, uye kune zvakare yakananga mirau yekukanda kuremara. Kuti ive nechokwadi chemhando uye kugona kwekugadzira kwekukanda, maitiro ekuumba anotora musimboti kukanda nefirimu-yakavharwa jecha shell cores (uye imwe inotonhora bhokisi uye inopisa bhokisi cores). Pakutanga, jecha rekukwesha reAFS50 raishandiswa, uyezve jecha resilica rakagochwa raishandiswa, asi matambudziko akadai sekunamatira kwejecha, maburrs, kuputika kwemafuta, uye maburi emukati memukati airatidzika kune akasiyana.
Pahwaro hwekutsvakurudza uye kuedza, fekitari yakasarudza kushandisa jecha receramic. Pakutanga akatenga akapedza coated jecha (100% zvedongo jecha), uye ipapo akatenga regeneration uye unhani midziyo, uye kuramba optimized muitiro panguva kugadzirwa muitiro, kushandisa ceramic jecha uye kukwesha jecha kusanganisa mbishi jecha. Parizvino, jecha rakavharidzirwa rinoshandiswa zvishoma maererano netafura inotevera:
| Ceramic sand-coated jecha process ye turbocharger imba | ||||
| Sand Size | Chiyero checeramic sand% | Resin kuwedzera% | Kupeta simba MPa | Gasi rinobuda ml/g |
| AFS50 | 30-50 | 1.6-1.9 | 6.5-8 | ≤12 |
Kwemakore mashoma apfuura, maitiro ekugadzira chirimwa ichi anga achimhanya zvakadzikama, mhando yekukandira yakanaka, uye mabhenefiti ehupfumi uye kwezvakatipoteredza anoshamisa. Pfupiso ndeiyi inotevera:
a. Kushandisa jecha receramic, kana kushandisa musanganiswa wejecha receramic nejecha resilica kugadzira macores, kunobvisa zvirema zvakaita sejecha rinonamira, sintering, veining, uye kuputika kwemafuta ekukanda, uye kuona kugadzirwa kwakagadzikana uye kwakanaka;
b. Core casting, kugadzirwa kwakanyanya, yakaderera jecha-iron ratio (kazhinji haipfuure 2: 1), kushomeka kwejecha kushandiswa, uye mutengo wakaderera;
c. Kudururwa kwepakati kunobatsira pakudzokorodza kwese uye kugadzirwazve kwejecha remarara, uye kudzoreredza kwekupisa kunogamuchirwa zvakafanana kuti kuvandudzwa. Kuitwa kwejecha rakagadziridzwa rasvika pamwero wejecha idzva rekukwesha jecha, iro rakawana mhedzisiro yekudzikisa mutengo wekutenga wejecha rakasvibirira uye kuderedza marara akaomarara;
d. Izvo zvinodikanwa kugara uchitarisa zviri mukati mejecha receramic mujecha rakagadziridzwa kuti uone huwandu hwejecha receramic rakawedzerwa;
e. Ceramic jecha rine chimiro chakatenderera, mvura yakanaka, uye hukuru hukuru. Kana yakasanganiswa nejecha resilica, zviri nyore kukonzera kupatsanurwa. Kana zvichidikanwa, nzira yekupfura jecha inoda kugadziriswa;
f. Paunenge uchivhara firimu, edza kushandisa yepamusoro-soro phenolic resin, uye shandisa zvakasiyana-siyana zvinowedzera nekuchenjerera.
4. Kushandiswa kwejecha receramic muinjini aluminium alloy cylinder head
Kuti uvandudze simba remotokari, kuderedza kushandiswa kwemafuta, kuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo, uye kuchengetedza nharaunda, mota dzakareruka ndiyo nzira yekusimudzira yeindasitiri yemotokari. Parizvino, injini yemotokari (kusanganisira injini yedhiziri) yakadhirowa, senge cylinder blocks uye silinda misoro, inowanzokandwa nealuminium alloys, uye maitiro ekukanda macylinder blocks nemisoro yecylinder, kana uchishandisa jecha cores, simbi mold gravity kukanda uye kuderera kudzvinyirira. casting (LPDC) ndivo vanomiririra zvakanyanya.
Iyo jecha musimboti, jecha rakavharidzirwa uye inotonhora bhokisi maitiro ealuminium alloy cylinder block uye musoro castings zvakajairika, anokodzera yakakwirira-chaiyo uye yakakura-chiyero kugadzirwa maitiro. Nzira yekushandisa saramic jecha yakafanana nekugadzirwa kwesimbi yakakandwa cylinder musoro. Nekuda kwekudzikira kwekudururira tembiricha uye diki chaiyo giravhiti yealuminium alloy, kazhinji yakaderera-simba repakati jecha rinoshandiswa, senge inotonhora bhokisi jecha musimboti mufekitori, huwandu hweresin hwakawedzerwa i0.5-0.6%, uye kusimba kwesimba 0.8-1.2 MPa. Core jecha rinodiwa Rine kunaka kukoromoka. Kushandiswa kwejecha receramic kunoderedza kuwanda kweresin yakawedzerwa uye kunovandudza zvikuru kuparara kwejecha rejecha.
Mumakore achangopfuura, kuitira kuvandudza nharaunda yekugadzira uye kuvandudza kunaka kwekukandira, kune kwakawanda uye kwakawanda kutsvagisa uye mashandisirwo einorganic binders (kusanganisira yakagadziridzwa girazi remvura, phosphate binders, nezvimwewo). Mufananidzo uri pazasi inzvimbo yekukanda fekitori inoshandisa ceramic jecha inorganic binder core jecha aruminiyamu alloy silinda musoro.
Iyo fekitori inoshandisa ceramic jecha inorganic binder kugadzira musimboti, uye huwandu hwebhainda hwakawedzerwa 1.8 ~ 2.2%. Nekuda kweiyo yakanaka fluidity yejecha receramic, iyo jecha musimboti wakaonda, nzvimbo yacho yakazara uye yakatsetseka, uye panguva imwecheteyo, huwandu hwechizvarwa chegasi idiki, inovandudza zvakanyanya goho rekukanda, inovandudza kuparara kwejecha repakati. , inovandudza mamiriro ekugadzira, uye inova muenzaniso wekugadzirwa kwegirini.
Kushandiswa kwejecha receramic muinjini yekukanda indasitiri kwakavandudza mashandiro ekugadzira, kuvandudza nharaunda yekushanda, kugadzirisa kukanganisa kwekukanda, uye kuwana zvakakosha zvehupfumi uye zvakanaka mabhenefiti.
Iyo injini yekugadzira indasitiri inofanirwa kuenderera mberi nekuwedzera kuvandudzwa kwejecha repakati, kuwedzera kuvandudza kushandiswa kwejecha receramic, uye kuderedza kusvibiswa kwemarara.
Kubva pamaonero ekushandiswa kwekushandisa uye chiyero chekushandiswa, jecha receramic parizvino ndiro rinokandira jecha rakakosha rine hunyanzvi hwekuita uye kushandiswa kukuru muindasitiri yekukanda injini.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-27-2023
